知行编程网知行编程网  2022-08-02 06:00 知行编程网 |  隐藏边栏 |   抢沙发 |  3 
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作者丨钱魏Way
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https://www.biaodianfu.com/python-datetime.html


Python的时间处理模块在日常的使用中用的较多多，但是使用的时候基本上都是要查资料，还是有些麻烦的，梳理下，便于以后方便的使用。

目录

  • 时间相关概念
  • Python time模块
    • 时间格式化
    • 计时器功能
    • time模块其他内置函数
    • time模块包含的属性
  • datetime模块
    • date类
    • time类
    • datetime类
    • timedelta类
    • tzinfo类
  • pytz模块
    • 时区转换
    • 夏令时处理
  • dateutil模块
    • parser.parse()
    • rrule.rrule()
  • Arrow
    • UTC 时间
    • 当地时间
    • 解析时间
    • Unix 时间戳
    • 格式化日期和时间
    • 转换为区域时间
    • 工作日
    • 移动时间
    • 夏令时
    • 人性化的日期和时间
  • ISO 8601类

时间相关概念

秒 在1967年的第13届国际度量衡会议上决定以原子时定义的秒作为时间的国际标准单位：铯133原子基态的两个超精细能阶间跃迁对应辐射的9,192,631,770个周期的持续时间, 起始历元定在1958年1月1日0时。

原子钟是一种时钟，它以原子共振频率标准来计算及保持时间的准确。原子钟是世界上已知最准确的时间测量和频率标准。

GMT 格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time），是指位于伦敦郊区的皇家格林威治天文台的标准时间，因为本初子午线（Prime meridian）被定义为通过那里的经线。GMT也叫世界时UT。

UTC 协调世界时间（Coordinated Universal Time）, 又称世界标准时间，基于国际原子钟，误差为每日数纳秒。协调世界时的秒长与原子时的秒长一致，在时刻上则要求尽量与世界时接近（规定二者的差值保持在 0.9秒以内）。

闰秒 不只有闰年，还有闰秒。闰秒是指为保持协调世界时接近于世界时时刻，由国际计量局统一规定在年底或年中（也可能在季末）对协调世界时增加或减少1秒的调整。由于地球自转的不均匀性和长期变慢性（主要由潮汐摩擦引起的），会使世界时（民用时）和原子时之间相差超过到±0.9秒时，就把世界时向前拨1秒（负闰秒，最后一分钟为59秒）或向后拨1秒（正闰秒，最后一分钟为61秒）；闰秒一般加在公历年末或公历六月末。

时区 是地球上的区域使用同一个时间定义。有关国际会议决定将地球表面按经线从南到北，划分成24个时区，并且规定相邻区域的时间相差1小时。当人们跨过一个区域，就将自己的时钟校正1小时（向西减1小时，向东加1小时），跨过几个区域就加或减几小时。比如我大中国处于东八区，表示为GMT+8。

夏令时 （Daylight Saving Time：DST），又称日光节约时制、日光节约时间或夏令时间。这是一种为节约能源而人为规定地方时间的制度，在夏天的时候，白天的时间会比较长，所以为了节约用电，因此在夏天的时候某些地区会将他们的时间定早一小时，也就是说，原本时区是8点好了，但是因为夏天太阳比较早出现，因此把时间向前挪，在原本8点的时候，订定为该天的9点(时间提早一小时)～如此一来，我们就可以利用阳光照明，省去了花费电力的时间，因此才会称之为夏季节约时间！

Unix时间戳 指的是从协调世界时（UTC）1970年1月1日0时0分0秒开始到现在的总秒数，不考虑闰秒。

Python time模块

在 Python 文档里，time是归类在Generic Operating System Services中，换句话说， 它提供的功能是更加接近于操作系统层面的。通读文档可知，time 模块是围绕着 Unix Timestamp 进行的。

该模块主要包括一个类 struct_time，另外其他几个函数及相关常量。需要注意的是在该模块中的大多数函数是调用了所在平台C library的同名函数， 所以要特别注意有些函数是平台相关的，可能会在不同的平台有不同的效果。另外一点是，由于是基于Unix Timestamp，所以其所能表述的日期范围被限定在 1970 – 2038 之间，如果你写的代码需要处理在前面所述范围之外的日期，那可能需要考虑使用datetime模块更好。

太赞了！最全的Python 处理日期与时间的全面总结！

获取当前时间和转化时间格式

  • time() 返回时间戳格式的时间 (相对于1.1 00:00:00以秒计算的偏移量)
  • ctime() 返回字符串形式的时间，可以传入时间戳格式时间，用来做转化
  • asctime() 返回字符串形式的时间，可以传入struct_time形式时间，用来做转化
  • localtime() 返回当前时间的struct_time形式，可传入时间戳格式时间，用来做转化
  • gmtime() 返回当前时间的struct_time形式，UTC时区(0时区) ，可传入时间戳格式时间，用来做转化

另外还可以使用iso8601模块：http://pyiso8601.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

其他日期与时间工具：

  • 公历转农历：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/LunarSolarConverter/
  • 口语化日期：https://github.com/scrapinghub/dateparser
  • Moment：https://github.com/zachwill/moment
  • Delorean：https://github.com/myusuf3/delorean
  • When：https://whenpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
  • Pendulum：https://pendulum.eustace.io/
  • 时间机器：https://github.com/spulec/freezegun
  • 工作日历：https://github.com/peopledoc/workalendar
  • 中国法定节假日：https://github.com/NateScarlet/holiday-cn


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51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;white-space: pre-wrap;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点阅读原文,领AI全套资料！</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>
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