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大家好，我是菜鸟哥！
今天给大家介绍16个Matplotlib绘图实用的小技巧，Matplotlib在Python数据分析里有着非常广泛的使用，而且很多做科研学术的同学都是用这个库。下面整理了一些非常不错的小技巧，建议大家收藏哦！

1. 添加标题-title
matplotlib.pyplot 对象中有个 title() 可以设置表格的标题。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 显示中文</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'font.sans-serif'</span>] = [<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">u'SimHei'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.unicode_minus'</span>] = <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">False</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.title(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'这是一个示例标题'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x*x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！


2. 添加文字-text

设置坐标和文字，可以使用 matplotlib.pyplot 对象中 text() 接口。其中 第一、二个参数来设置坐标，第三个参数是设置显示文本内容。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 显示中文</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'font.sans-serif'</span>] = [<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">u'SimHei'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.unicode_minus'</span>] = <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">False</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">-10</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y=x*x<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.title(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'这是一个示例标题'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 添加文字</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.text(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">-2.5</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'function y=x*x'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！

3. 添加注释-annotate

我们实用 annotate() 接口可以在图中增加注释说明。其中：

  • xy 参数：备注的坐标点

  • xytext 参数：备注文字的坐标(默认为xy的位置)

  • arrowprops 参数：在 xy 和 xytext 之间绘制一个箭头。

<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 显示中文</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'font.sans-serif'</span>] = [<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">u'SimHei'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.unicode_minus'</span>] = <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">False</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">-10</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y=x*x<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.title(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'这是一个示例标题'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 添加注释</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.annotate(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'这是一个示例注释'</span>,xy=(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>),xytext=(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">-2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">22</span>),arrowprops={<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'headwidth'</span>:<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'facecolor'</span>:<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'r'</span>})<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！



4. 设置坐标轴名称-xlabel/ylabel

二维坐标图形中，需要在横轴和竖轴注明名称以及数量单位。设置坐标轴名称使用的接口是 xlabel() 和 ylable()。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 显示中文</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'font.sans-serif'</span>] = [<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">u'SimHei'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.unicode_minus'</span>] = <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">False</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.xlabel(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'示例x轴'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.ylabel(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'示例y轴'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x*x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！


5. 添加图例-legend

当线条过多时，我们设置不同颜色来区分不同线条。因此，需要对不同颜色线条做下标注，我们实用 legend() 接口来实现。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 显示中文</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'font.sans-serif'</span>] = [<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">u'SimHei'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.unicode_minus'</span>] = <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">False</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x*<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x*<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x*<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 直接传入legend</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.legend([<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'生活'</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'颜值'</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'工作'</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'金钱'</span>])<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！


6. 调整颜色-color


传颜色参数，使用 plot() 中的 color 属性来设置，color 支持以下几种方式。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#颜色的几种方式</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,color=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'g'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x+<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,color=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'0.5'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x+<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,color=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'#FF00FF'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x+<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span>,color=(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.3</span>))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>

具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！



7. 切换线条样式-marker

如果想改变线条的样式，我们可以使用修改 plot() 绘图接口中 mark 参数，具体实现效果：
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,marker=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'o'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x+<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,marker=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'>'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x+<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,marker=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'s'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！

其中 marker 支持的类型：

  • ‘.’：点(point marker)

  • ‘,’：像素点(pixel marker)

  • ‘o’：圆形(circle marker)

  • ‘v’：朝下三角形(triangle_down marker)

  • ‘^’：朝上三角形(triangle_up marker)

  • ‘<‘：朝左三角形(triangle_left marker)

  • ‘>’：朝右三角形(triangle_right marker)

  • ‘1’：(tri_down marker)

  • ‘2’：(tri_up marker)

  • ‘3’：(tri_left marker)

  • ‘4’：(tri_right marker)

  • ‘s’：正方形(square marker)

  • ‘p’：五边星(pentagon marker)

  • ‘*’：星型(star marker)

  • ‘h’：1号六角形(hexagon1 marker)

  • ‘H’：2号六角形(hexagon2 marker)

  • ‘+’：+号标记(plus marker)

  • ‘x’：x号标记(x marker)

  • ‘D’：菱形(diamond marker)

  • ‘d’：小型菱形(thin_diamond marker)

  • ‘|’：垂直线形(vline marker)

  • ‘_’：水平线形(hline marker)

具体各个效果类型如下：
​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！


8. 显示数学公式-mathtext

格式如下：作为开始和结束符，如$，中间的将解析出公式中的符号。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.title(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'chenqionghe'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.xlim([<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span>])<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.ylim([<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>])<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.text(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">r'$ alpha beta pi lambda omega $'</span>,size=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.text(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">r'$ sin(0)=cos(frac{pi}{2}) $'</span>,size=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.text(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">r'$ lim_{x rightarrow y} frac{1}{x^3} $'</span>,size=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.text(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">r'$ sqrt[4]{x}=sqrt{y} $'</span>,size=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>

具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！



9. 显示网格-grid

grid() 接口可以用来设置背景图为网格。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'a'</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'b'</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'c'</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'d'</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y=[<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">15</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">45</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.grid()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 也可以设置颜色、线条宽度、线条样式</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># plt.grid(color='g',linewidth='1',linestyle='-.')</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>

具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！



10. 调整坐标轴刻度-locator_params

坐标图的刻度我们可以使用 locator_params 接口来调整显示颗粒。
同时调整 x 轴和 y 轴：plt.locator_params(nbins=20)
只调整 x 轴：plt.locator_params(‘'x',nbins=20)
只调整 y 轴：plt.locator_params(‘'y',nbins=20)
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># x轴和y轴分别显示20个</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.locator_params(nbins=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！



11. 调整坐标轴范围-axis/xlim/ylim

axis：[0,5,0,10]，x从0到5，y从0到10
xlim：对应参数有xmin和xmax，分别能调整最大值最小值
ylim：同xlim用法
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x*x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#显示坐标轴，plt.axis(),4个数字分别代表x轴和y轴的最小坐标，最大坐标</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#调整x为10到25</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.xlim(xmin=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>,xmax=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,x*x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！


12. 调整日期自适应-autofmt_xdate

有时候显示日期会重叠在一起，非常不友好，调用plt.gcf().autofmt_xdate()，将自动调整角度。
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> pandas <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> pd<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=pd.date_range(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'2020/01/01'</span>,periods=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.gcf().autofmt_xdate()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！


13. 添加双坐标轴-twinx

<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y1=x*x<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y2=np.log(x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y1)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 添加一个坐标轴，默认0到1</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.twinx()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y2,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'r'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！


14. 填充区域-fill/fill_beween

fill 填充函数区域
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 显示中文</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'font.sans-serif'</span>] = [<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">u'SimHei'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.unicode_minus'</span>] = <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">False</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.linspace(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>*np.pi,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1000</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y1=np.sin(x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y2=np.sin(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>*x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y1)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y2)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 填充</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.fill(x,y1,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'g'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.fill(x,y2,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'r'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.title(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'这是一个示例标题'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！

fill_beween填充函数交叉区域

<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 显示中文</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'font.sans-serif'</span>] = [<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">u'SimHei'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.unicode_minus'</span>] = <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">False</strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.title(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'这是一个示例标题'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.linspace(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>*np.pi,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1000</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y1=np.sin(x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y2=np.sin(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>*x)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y1)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.plot(x,y2)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 填充</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.fill_between(x,y1,y2,where=y1>y2,interpolate=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">True</strong></span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！



15. 画一个填充好的形状-matplotlib.patche

<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.patches <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> mptaches<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />xy1=np.array([<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.2</span>])<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />xy2=np.array([<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.8</span>])<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />xy3=np.array([<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.8</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.2</span>])<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />xy4=np.array([<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.8</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.8</span>])<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />fig,ax=plt.subplots()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#圆形,指定坐标和半径</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />circle=mptaches.Circle(xy1,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.15</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax.add_patch(circle)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#长方形</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />rect=mptaches.Rectangle(xy2,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.1</span>,color=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'r'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax.add_patch(rect)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#多边形</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />polygon=mptaches.RegularPolygon(xy3,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.1</span>,color=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'g'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax.add_patch(polygon)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 椭圆</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ellipse=mptaches.Ellipse(xy4,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.4</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.2</span>,color=<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'c'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax.add_patch(ellipse)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax.axis(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'equal'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！

16. 切换样式-plt.style.use


matplotlib支持多种样式，可以通过plt.style.use切换样式，例如：
plt.style.use('ggplot')输入plt.style.available 可以查看所有的样式:
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.style.available<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：

​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！

示例代码，ggplot样式：
<section style="padding: 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;background-color: rgb(39, 40, 34);color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;border-radius: 0px;font-size: 12px;font-family: Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> numpy <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> np<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> plt<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">import</strong></span> matplotlib.patches <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">as</strong></span> mptaches<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />%matplotlib inline<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.style.use(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'ggplot'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 新建4个子图</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />fig,axes=plt.subplots(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax1,ax2,ax3,ax4=axes.ravel()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 第一个图</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x,y=np.random.normal(size=(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">100</span>))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax1.plot(x,y,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'o'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 第二个图</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />colors=plt.rcParams[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'axes.prop_cycle'</span>]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />length=np.linspace(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span>,len(colors))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">for</strong></span> s <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">in</strong></span> length:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />    ax2.plot(x,y+s,<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'-'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 第三个图</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />x=np.arange(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />y1,y2,y3=np.random.randint(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span>,size=(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span>,<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />width=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.25</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax3.bar(x,y1,width)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax3.bar(x+width,y2,width)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax3.bar(x+<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>*width,y3,width)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"># 第四个图</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">for</strong></span> i,color <span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">in</strong></span> enumerate(colors):<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />    xy=np.random.normal(size=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax4.add_patch(plt.Circle(xy,radius=<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0.3</span>,color=color[<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'color'</span>]))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />ax4.axis(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'equal'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  />plt.show()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section>
具体实现效果：
​分享16个Matplotlib 绘图实用小技巧！



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data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;white-space: pre-wrap;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点阅读原文,领廖雪峰资料！</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>

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