对比6款 “数据分析” 工具，学什么，一目了然！

知行编程网 2022-07-20 06:00 知行编程网 | 隐藏边栏 | 抢沙发 | 8 0

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“数据分析” 可谓是当今社会一个超级火爆的岗位，不论是科班的，还是非科班的，都想从事这个行业，毕竟都觉得这个行业赚钱多嘛。

“数据分析” 大致可以分为业务和技术两个方向，不管你是从事哪个方向，都对技能有一定的要求。业务方向，像数据运营、商业分析、产品经理等，对技术的要求相对来说低一点，编程工具你只要会用即可（肯定是越精通越好）。技术方向，像数据算法工程师、数据挖掘工程师等，对技术的要求就很高了，必须要有很好的编程能力。

工欲善其事必先利其器，说起数据分析工具，大家都会感觉很迷茫，有这么多数据分析工具，我应该学习哪个工具，它们之间的区别到底是什么？今天我们从 “工具” 层面带大家盘点一下，作为一名数据分析师，应该学习哪些工具呢？

1. Excel工具

说起用什么做数据分析，很多人的脑海中都会不约而同地想到Python、R、SQL、Hive等看似很难掌握的数据分析工具，它们就像数据分析路上的拦路虎一样，让人踟蹰不前。

其实，在众多的数据分析工具中，Excel属于最常用、最基础、最易上手的一款数据分析工具。Excel的功能十分强大，它不仅提供了众多的数据处理功能，像Excel函数能够帮助我们做数据整理，数据透视表帮助我们快速、高效的做各种维度分析，形形色色的图表能帮我们形象地展示出数据背后隐藏的规律，同时Excel还有很专业的数据分析工具库，包括描述性统计分析、相关系数分析等。

Excel对于转行数据分析的小白来说，应该是最友好的。大家都知道“转行”其实是一件很困难的事儿，但是你学会了Excel，是完全可以找到一份“数据”相关的工作的，只有踏进数据领域，你才有可能从事其它更多的数据岗位。

2. BI工具

BI工具是专门按照数据分析的流程进行设计的，也是专门用于数据分析的工具。仔细观察这些工具后，它们的基本流程是：【数据处理】-【数据清洗】-【数据建模】-【数据可视化】。

关于BI工具，其实有很多你估计已经用到过，比如说Tableau、Power BI，还有帆软等。今天我们就分别带着大家来盘点一下，这三款工具。

2.1Tableau

Tableau是三位斯坦福人 Dr. Pat Hanrahan, Dr. Chris Stotle, Christian Chabot 于2003年成立的，这是一款交互式数据可视化软件，它的本质其实也是Excel的数据透视表和数据透视图。

Tableau也是很好的延续了Excel，只需要简单地拖拽，就能很快地实现数据的分类汇总，然后拖拽实现各种图形的绘制，并且可以实现不同图表之间的联合。

Tableau同时支持数百种数据连接器，包括在线分析处理（OLAP）和大数据（例如NoSQL，Hadoop）以及云数据，至少现在你能学到的数据库软件，Tableau基本都能够实现与其数据之间的互动。

2.2 Power BI

Power-BI是一款（BI）商业智能软件，于2014年发布，旨在为用户提供交互式的可视化和商业智能，简单的数据共享，数据评估和可扩展的仪表板等功能。。

大家可能都知道，Power BI以前是一款Excel插件，依附于Excel，比如Power Query，PowerPrivot, Power View和Power Map等，这些插件让Excel如同装上了翅膀，瞬间高大上，慢慢地就发展成为现在的Power BI数据可视化工具。

Power BI 简单且快速，能够从 Excel电子表格或本地数据库创建图表。同时Power BI也是可靠的、企业级的，可进行丰富的建模和实时分析，及自定义开发。因此它既是你的个人报表和可视化工具，还可用项目、部门或整个企业背后的分析和决策引擎。Power BI的分析功能很强大，它的PowerPivot 和DAX语言，让我们能够编写类似Excel中的公式，来进行复杂的高级分析。

同时，无论你的数据是简单的 Excel电子表格，还是基于云和本地混合数据仓库的集合， Power BI都可以让你轻松地连接到数据源，直观看到或发现数据的价值，与任何所希望的人进行共享。

最后我们简单说说Power BI的组成部分，大家可以自行下去查看学习。

Power BI 包含 Windows 桌面应用程序（称为 Power BI Desktop ）、联机 SaaS （软件即服务）服务（称为 Power BI 服务），及移动 Power BI 应用（可在 Windows 手机和平板电脑及 iOS 和 Android 设备上使用）。

PowerBI有三个用于不同场景的组件：PowerQuery(数据处理组件)，PowerPivot（轻量级建模组件），PowerBI Desktop（独立数据可视化程序）。

2.3 finereport

帆软是业内做报表比较久的一家公司，使用类excel风格的界面，可添加图表和数据源，也可实现大屏效果。

其实它的类Excel风格界面，应该是它区别于Tableau工具的一个很重要的点。FineReport 通过直接连接到各种数据库，就能方便快捷地自定义各种样式，从而制作周报、月报和季报、年报。

用过FineReport 的朋友，还会有另外一种体会，它的图形效果比Tableau要酷炫的多，操作起来同样也是那样的方便。

另外，FineReport 的个人版本是完全免费的，并且所有功能都是开放的，大家赶紧下去试试吧。

3. Python & R

其实不管是Excel，还是介绍的三款BI工具，它们都是为了执行特定功能，而设计出来的。如果说某一天，既定功能不能很好，或者说不能满足你的需求，那么应该怎么办呢？

这就需要我们了解，并学习一点编程语言了，最大的优势就在于：它非常强大和灵活。不管是R或者 Python，都有很多包供我们调用，同时也可以自定义函数，实现我们的某些需求。

3.1 简介

3.2 其他对比

① python与R相比速度要快。
② python的工程化应用强于R，可移植性更强。
③ python的应用场景大于R，仿佛R可以做的，Python基本可以，它不擅长的，Python也可以。
④ 如果是统计理论研究、前沿科学研究，R比python更胜一筹。R的使用人群主要是一些高校、医药的统计学家，这就是为什么大学老师都用R的原因。

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data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;white-space: pre-wrap;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点阅读原文,领廖雪峰资料！</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>

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