本文对 Python 中的函数式编程技术进行了简单的入门介绍。
<section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow-x: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;overflow-y: auto !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">foo</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">()</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> print(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">"foo"</span>)</section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">bar = foo<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />bar()<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#will print "foo" to the console</span></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">class</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">Greeter</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">__init__</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">self</span>, greeting)</span></span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">self</span>.greeting = greeting<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">__call__</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">self</span>, name)</span></span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">self</span>.greeting + <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">" "</span> + name</section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">morning = Greeter(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">"good morning"</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#creates the callable object</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />morning(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">"john"</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"># calling the object</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#prints "good morning john" to the console</span></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">callable(morning) #<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">true</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />callable(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">145</span>) #<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">false</span>. <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">int</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">is</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">not</span> callable. </section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(165, 218, 45);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"># store in dictionary</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />mapping = {<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> 0 : foo,<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> 1 : bar<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />}<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />x = input() #get integer value from user<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />mapping[<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">x</span>]() #call the func returned by dictionary access</section>「高阶函数允许我们对动作执行抽象，而不只是抽象数值。」
<section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">iterate</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(list_of_items)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">for</span> item <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">in</span> list_of_items:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> print(item)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">iterate_custom</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(list_of_items, custom_func)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">for</span> item <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">in</span> list_of_items:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> custom_func(item)</section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">add</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(x, y)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> x + y<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">sub</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(x, y)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> x - y<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">mult</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(x, y)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> x * y<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">calculator</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(opcode)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">if</span> opcode == <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> add<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">elif</span> opcode == <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">2</span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> sub<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">else</span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> mult <br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />my_calc = calculator(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">2</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#my calc is a subtractor</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />my_calc(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">5</span>, <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">4</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#returns 5 - 4 = 1 </span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />my_calc = calculator(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">9</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#my calc is now a multiplier</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />my_calc(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">5</span>, <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">4</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#returns 5 x 4 = 20. </span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">fib</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(n)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">fib_helper</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">(fk1, fk, k)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">if</span> n == k:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> fk<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">else</span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> fib_helper(fk, fk1+fk, k+<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">if</span> n <= <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> n<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">else</span>:<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">return</span> fib_helper(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">0</span>, <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>, <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">mult = lambda x, y: x * y<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />mult(1, 2) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#returns 2</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">lambda</span> x, y: x * y)(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">9</span>, <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">10</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#returns 90</span></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">import collections<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />pre_fill = collections.defaultdict(lambda: (0, 0))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#all dictionary keys and values are set to 0</span></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">def multiply_by_four(x):<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /> return x * 4<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />scores = [3, 6, 8, 3, 5, 7]<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" />modified_scores = list(map(multiply_by_four, scores))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#modified scores is now [12, 24, 32, 12, 20, 28]</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">modified_scores = <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">list</span>(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">map</span>(lambda x: <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">4</span> * x, scores))</section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;">even_scores = <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">list</span>(filter(lambda x: <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">True</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">if</span> (x % <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">2</span> == <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">0</span>) <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">else</span> <span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">False</span>, scores))<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#even_scores = [6, 8]</span></section><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(165, 218, 45);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">sum_scores</span> = reduce((lambda x, y: x + y), scores)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;" /><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">#sum_scores = 32</span></section>-
Best Practices for Using Functional Programming in Python：https://kite.com/blog/python/functional-programming/
-
Functional Programming Tutorials and Notes：https://www.hackerearth.com/zh/practice/python/functional-programming/functional-programming-1/tutorial/
原文链接：https://medium.com/better-programming/introduction-to-functional-programming-in-python-3d26cd9cbfd7
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