Python一直以来被诟病速度慢,影响开发效率,希望这次Guido老爷子能帮python打一场漂亮的翻身仗。
这篇文章不准备介绍Python速度如何,而是给大家带来一些常用且实用的Python代码实例,几乎是开发者必备的知识点。
1、合并两个字典
Python3.5之后,合并字典变得容易起来。我们可以通过**
符号解压字典,并将多个字典传入{}
中,实现合并。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">Merge</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(dict1, dict2)</span>:</span> <br /> res = {**dict1, **dict2} <br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> res <br /> <br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;"># 两个字典</span><br />dict1 = {<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"name"</span>: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Joy"</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"age"</span>: <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">25</span>}<br />dict2 = {<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"name"</span>: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Joy"</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"city"</span>: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"New York"</span>}<br />dict3 = Merge(dict1, dict2) <br />print(dict3)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">{<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'name'</span>: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'Joy'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'age'</span>: 25, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'city'</span>: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'New York'</span>}<br /></p>
2、链式比较
python有链式比较的机制,在一行里支持多种运算符比较。相当于拆分多个逻辑表达式,再进行逻辑与操作。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">a = <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">5</span><br /><br />print(<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span> < a < <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">8</span>)<br />print(<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span> == a < <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">True<br />False<br /></p>
3、重复打印字符串
将一个字符串重复打印多次,一般使用循环实现,但有更简易的方式可以实现。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">n = <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">5</span><br />string = <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Hello!"</span><br /><br />print(string * n)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">Hello!Hello!Hello!Hello!Hello!<br /></p>
4、检查文件是否存在
我们知道Python有专门处理系统交互的模块-os,它可以处理文件的各种增删改查操作。
那如何检查一个文件是否存在呢?os模块可以轻松实现。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">from</span> os <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">import</span> path<br /><br /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">check_for_file</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">()</span>:</span><br /> print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Does file exist:"</span>, path.exists(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"data.csv"</span>))<br /><br /><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">if</span> __name__==<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"__main__"</span>:<br /> check_for_file()<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">Does file exist: False<br /></p>
5、检索列表最后一个元素
在使用列表的时候,有时会需要取最后一个元素,有下面几种方式可以实现。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">my_list = [<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'banana'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'apple'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'orange'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'pineapple'</span>]<br /><br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;">#索引方法</span><br />last_element = my_list[<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">-1</span>]<br /><br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;">#pop方法</span><br />last_element = my_list.pop()<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'pineapple'</span><br /></p>
6、列表推导式
列表推导式是for循环的简易形式,可以在一行代码里创建一个新列表,同时能通过if语句进行判断筛选
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">get_vowels</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(string)</span>:</span><br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> [vowel <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">for</span> vowel <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">in</span> string <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">if</span> vowel <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">in</span> <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'aeiou'</span>] <br /><br />print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Vowels are:"</span>, get_vowels(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'This is some random string'</span>))<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">Vowels are: [<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'i'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'i'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'o'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'e'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'a'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'o'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'i'</span>]<br /></p>
7、计算代码执行时间
python中time模块提供了时间处理相关的各种函数方法,我们可以使用它来计算代码执行的时间。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">import</span> time<br /><br />start_time = time.time()<br /><br />total = <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">0</span><br /><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">for</span> i <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">in</span> range(<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">10</span>):<br /> total += i<br />print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Sum:"</span>, total)<br /><br />end_time = time.time()<br />time_taken = end_time - start_time<br />print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Time: "</span>, time_taken)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">Sum: 45<br />Time: 0.0009975433349609375<br /></p>
8、查找出现次数最多的元素
使用max方法找出列表中出现次数最多的元素。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">most_frequent</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(list)</span>:</span><br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> max(set(list), key=list.count)<br /><br />mylist = [<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">4</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">5</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">6</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">6</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>]<br />print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"出现次数最多的元素是:"</span>, most_frequent(mylist))<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">出现次数最多的元素是: <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span><br /></p>
9、将两个列表转换为字典
有两个列表,将列表A里的元素作为键,将列表B里的对应元素作为值,组成一个字典。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">list_to_dictionary</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(keys, values)</span>:</span><br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> dict(zip(keys, values))<br /><br />list1 = [<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>, <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>, <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>]<br />list2 = [<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'one'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'two'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'three'</span>]<br /><br />print(list_to_dictionary(list1, list2))<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">{1: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'one'</span>, 2: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'two'</span>, 3: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'three'</span>}<br /></p>
10、异常处理
Python提供了try...except...finally的方式来处理代码异常,当然还有其他组合的方式。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">a, b = <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">0</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">try</span>:<br /> print(a/b)<br /><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">except</span> ZeroDivisionError:<br /> print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Can not divide by zero"</span>)<br /><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">finally</span>:<br /> print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Executing finally block"</span>)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">Can not divide by zero<br />Executing finally block<br /></p>
11、反转字符串
使用切片操作对字符串进行反转,这是比较直接有效的方式。这也可以用来检测回文数。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">str = <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Hello World"</span><br /><br />print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"反转后字符串是:"</span>, str[::<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">-1</span>])<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">反转后字符串是: dlroW olleH<br /></p>
12、字符串列表组成单个字符串
使用join方法将字符串列表组成单个字符串。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">list = [<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Hello"</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"world"</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Ok"</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"Bye!"</span>]<br />combined_string = <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">" "</span>.join(list)<br /><br />print(combined_string)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">Hello world Ok Bye!<br /></p>
13、返回字典缺失键的默认值
字典中的get方法用于返回指定键的值,如果键不在字典中返回默认值 None 或者设置的默认值。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">dict = {<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>:<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'one'</span>, <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>:<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'two'</span>, <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">4</span>:<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'four'</span>}<br /><br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;">#returning three as default value</span><br />print(dict.get(<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'three'</span>))<br /><br />print(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"原始字典:"</span>, dict) <br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">three<br />原始字典: {1: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'one'</span>, 2: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'two'</span>, 4: <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'four'</span>}<br /></p>
14、交换两个变量的值
在不使用临时变量的前提下,交换两个变量的值。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">a, b = <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">5</span>, <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">10</span><br /><br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;"># 方法1</span><br />a, b = b, a<br /><br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;"># 方法2</span><br /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">swap</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(a,b)</span>:</span><br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> b,a<br />swap(a,b)<br /></p>
15、正则表达式
正则表达式用来匹配处理字符串,python中的re模块提供了全部的正则功能。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">import</span> re<br /><br />text = <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"The rain in spain"</span><br />result = re.search(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">"rain"</span>, text)<br /><br />print(<span style="color: #56b6c2;line-height: 26px;">True</span> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">if</span> result <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">else</span> <span style="color: #56b6c2;line-height: 26px;">False</span>)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">True<br /></p>
16、筛选值
python中的filter方法可以用来进行值的筛选。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">my_list = [<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">0</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">6</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">7</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">9</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">11</span>]<br /><br />result = filter(<span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">lambda</span> x: x % <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>!=<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">0</span>, my_list)<br /><br />print(list(result))<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">[1, 3, 7, 9, 11]<br /></p>
17、统计字频
判断字符串每个元素出现的次数,可以用collections模块中的Counter方法来实现,非常简洁。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">from</span> collections <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">import</span> Counter<br />result = Counter(<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'banana'</span>)<br />print(result)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">Counter({<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'a'</span>: 3, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'n'</span>: 2, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'b'</span>: 1})<br /></p>
18、变量的内存占用
如何输出python中变量的内存占用大小,可以通过sys模块来实现。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">import</span> sys<br /><br />var1 = <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">15</span><br />list1 = [<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">4</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">5</span>]<br /><br />print(sys.getsizeof(var1))<br />print(sys.getsizeof(list1))<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">28<br />104<br /></p>
19、链式函数调用
在一行代码中调用多个函数。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">add</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(a, b)</span>:</span><br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> a + b<br /><br /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">subtract</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(a, b)</span>:</span><br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> a - b<br /><br />a, b = <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">5</span>, <span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">10</span><br /><br />print((add <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">if</span> b > a <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">else</span> subtract)(a,b))<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">15<br /></p>
20、从列表中删除重复项
删除列表中重复项一般可以通过遍历来筛选去重,或者直接使用集合方法。
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">list1 = [<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">1</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">2</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">3</span>,<span style="color: #d19a66;line-height: 26px;">4</span>,<span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'John'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'Ana'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'Mark'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'John'</span>]<br /><br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;"># 方法1</span><br /><span style="line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">def</span> <span style="color: #61aeee;line-height: 26px;">remove_duplicate</span><span style="line-height: 26px;">(list_value)</span>:</span><br /> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">return</span> list(set(list_value))<br />print(remove_duplicate(list1))<br /><br /><span style="color: #5c6370;font-style: italic;line-height: 26px;"># 方法2</span><br />result = []<br />[result.append(x) <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">for</span> x <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">in</span> list1 <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">if</span> x <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">not</span> <span style="color: #c678dd;line-height: 26px;">in</span> result]<br />print(result)<br /></p>
输出:
<p style="overflow-x: auto;padding: 15px 16px 16px;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);display: -webkit-box;font-family: "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(40, 44, 52);border-radius: 5px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;">[1, 2, 3, 4, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'Ana'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'John'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'Mark'</span>]<br />[1, 2, 3, 4, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'John'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'Ana'</span>, <span style="color: #98c379;line-height: 26px;">'Mark'</span>]<br /></p>
<pre data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-size-adjust: auto; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; word-spacing: 1.6px;" data-darkmode-color="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15862411819306="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15862411819306="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15862411819306="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15862411819306="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15862671987026="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15862671987026="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15862671987026="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15862671987026="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15864118999603="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15864118999603="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15864118999603="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15864118999603="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15864940858736="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15864940858736="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15864940858736="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15864940858736="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15869584691402="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15869584691402="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15869584691402="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15869584691402="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15869584691739="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15869584691739="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15869584691739="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15869584691739="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15873005456075="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15873005456075="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15873005456075="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15873005456075="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15873005456615="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15873005456615="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15873005456615="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15873005456615="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15886839320558="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15886839320558="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15886839320558="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-15886839320558="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-color-159923607914210="rgba(163, 163, 163, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-159923607914210="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-159923607914210="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-159923607914210="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-160008070860010="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-160008070860010="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-160008070860010="rgba(163, 163, 163, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-160008070860010="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16072664870629="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16072664870629="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16072664870629="rgba(163, 163, 163, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-16072664870629="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16073544711184="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16073544711184="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16073544711184="rgba(163, 163, 163, 0.9)" data-darkmode-original-color-16073544711184="rgba(230, 230, 230, 0.9)" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-spacing: 1.6px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-size-adjust: auto;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="__bg_gif" data-ratio="0.08658008658008658" data-type="gif" data-w="462" data-width="100%" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, "PingFang SC", Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;" src="https://www.zkxjob.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/wxsync-2022-07-ae45c8833e6e59cceba3c2fda2df37d1.gif" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-size-adjust: auto;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p>
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