来自 | 知乎 作者 | luoxd
链接 | https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/257109614
编辑 | 深度学习这件小事
准确、鲁棒地从医学图像中分割出器官或病变在许多临床应用中起着至关重要的作用,如诊断和治疗计划。随着标注数据的大量增加,深度学习在图像分割方面获得了巨大地成功。然而,对于医学图像来说,标注数据的获取通常是昂贵的,因为生成准确的注释需要专业知识和时间,特别是在三维图像中。为了降低标记成本,近年来人们提出了许多方法来开发一种高性能的医学图像分割模型,以减少标记数据。例如,将用户交互与深度神经网络相结合,交互式地进行图像分割,可以减少标记的工作量。自监督学习方法是利用无标签数据,以监督的方式训练模型,学习基础知识然后进行知识迁移。半监督学习框架直接从有限地带标签数据和大量的未带标签数据中学习,得到高质量的分割结果。弱监督学习方法从边框、涂鸦或图像级标签中学习图像分割,而不是使用像素级标注,这减少了标注的负担。但是,弱监督学习和自监督学习在医学图像分割任务上性能依旧受限,尤其是在三维医学图像的分割上。除此之外,少量标注数据和大量未标注数据更加符合实际临床场景。本文总结了近些年出现的用于医学影像的半监督学习方法,这些方法大致可以分为:
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