注:文章中的“我”指原作者
前言
2017年初,我通过一整天的笔试及面试加入一家(某一线城市国资委全资控股)某集团的研究机构(中央研究院),任职高级软件工程师;在这边工作了整整一年,目前已经跳槽到一家互联网公司,在回头看看这一整年,感受颇深,只好一吐为快,以便对想进入国企的程序员帮助及借鉴。
入职考试
笔试部分:国企面试与其他企业并没有太大区别,首先是笔试,一般都是前面50道选择题,后面两道是开放性的大题,大题没有固定答案,只要符合社会主义核心价值观就可以拿到满分,选择题是关键,全部都是技术题,需要答对40题以上,才有可能进入下一轮面试。
面试部分:面试分三轮,首轮是程序员面你(你未来的同事),他们会问你一些技术相关问题,例如:选举算法,redis的应用场景,如何处理高并发,如何保证高可用,是否关心Nodejs新发布的版本,deno是什么;诸如此类的问题很多很杂。
第二轮面试是由副院长来面(也就是你未来的直属上司)。他会问你项目相关的问题,例如:做过哪些项目,解决了什么问题,你在项目中的角色,项目是如何管理的,又是如何进展的,使用了哪些技术栈,为什么挑选这样的技术栈,遇到哪些问题,如何解决的这些问题。
第三轮面试是由HR来面,这个面试就很简单了,简单说一下你的情况,聊聊家常,然后他会向你说明组织结构,与一些待遇问题。
PS:进国企最重要的素质是文凭,我们研究院硕士以上学历人数比本科要多,而且大部分毕业于国内一流院校(交大生是整个研究院的主体)。
工作压力
工作压力还是蛮大的,产品并不像私企由市场导向,而是政策导向;国家说人工智能热,那我们就去做人工智能的项目,说区块链热,我们就去搞区块链的项目,反正我在研究院一年以来,搞过云计算,人工智能,大数据,区块链。好处就是你能学到很多东西,而且紧跟市场热度。坏处就是什么都会,但是什么都不精。
吐槽: 为了迎合政策做一些不具市场价值的产品(这里面不存在腐败,现在国企很难贪腐,30万RMB以上的项目就要求公共招标)。
举个两个例子,我们也开发OCR AI图片识别系统,在市场上已经有很完善的产品,而且很廉价,我们依然花钱去开发这种产品,市场价值基本没有,因为直到目前为止,我们产品的识别率依然不如市场上的几个主流产品(阿里,百度)。
第二个例子,便是私有云,这个我们做得真的还不错,但是市面上最强的是华为,他们是卖服务器送私有云,也就是传统的卖硬件送软件,与他们相比,我们的产品就不具竞争力了。
工作强度
工作强度真的还好,一般都不需要加班,至少我是不加班的。
这就意味着可以放羊了吗?当然不是,我加入的项目组,大多都是以2个星期为周期进行开发的,每两个星期要举行一次组内讨论会,如果完不成任务或者bug太多是需要加班处理的,因为国企是不可以出错的,一次出错可能直接招致点名批评(包括这个项目的所有相关人员),一次kpi黑记录,会直接影响你以后的升迁前途。
组内都是协同工作,可能因为你的原因导致项目没法按时上线,发生一两次你就会被边缘化,最终要么离职,要么下放到子公司。就算是副院长级别,如果完成不了集团的KPI,也是会被下放的。
但是相比互联网公司,国企的压力相对小一些,互联网公司实行的是不能胜任就走人的策略,所以每个人几乎都没有什么安全感,只有拼命的工作来争取自己有安全感。国企,特别是大国企,公司的人事权一般都在公司总部手里。
工作环境
国企办公环境一般都是比较好的,我们有自己的园区,自己的办公楼,空间很大,硬件配置都是很不错的,有健身器材,有空气净化器,有自己的食堂,有自动售货机。
有自己的产品展厅,有自己的公司纪念馆。
晋升空间
这部分只剩下吐槽了,一个萝卜一个坑,萝卜不走,也不会让出这个坑。在国企表现是没有意义的,除了口头表扬,你获得不了任何实际好处。
好的人脉要比努力重要,如果上面没人认识你,就算你的领导大力推荐你,你也不会得到提拔,空降长官在国企是一件司空见惯的事。
PS:组织人员要比群众晋升快(群众进不了总部)。
福利待遇
如果说国企15年前的待遇是一流的,那么如今的国企待遇最多只能算是二流的,特别是对于IT行业来说。以我所在公司为例,待遇采用工资+福利(洗漱产品,电影票,接近1500RMB的补助等)的方式,工资增长比较慢,相对于互联网公司来说,待遇至少是被腰斩的,鄙人也是迫于生活压力,为了生计而离开国企,跳槽去了互联网公司。
吐槽 :国企没有奖金,国企没有奖金,国企没有奖金,重要的事情说三遍。
工作稳定性
国企的稳定性应该是最被人人称道的,特别是中字头企业。一方面是国企的社会责任感几乎不太可能会裁员;另一方面公司的人事权几乎都是在公司总部手中,下面的分部门是没有权利做出裁员决定的。以研发为例,如果有人不能胜任工作或者和其他人工作合不来,部门领导会想总部申请调岗,调到行政人力或其他部门,不会出现领导向总部申请把你开除的事,所以国企给了员工很大的安全感。互联网公司则不同,裁员是家常便饭,领导一高兴或一生气甚至一拍脑袋就裁员,经常一年就会裁员几次,员工几乎是没有安全感的。互联网公司很多都是靠融资生存,一旦融资间隔比较大或融不到资就会裁员,生存的压力巨大,让它们没有能力或者没有职业道德感或无耻去考虑员工的感受。国企则不同,国企的业务本来波动就很少,国企营收相对稳定,再说也不差钱,没有生存的压力。
技术栈
实际大部分国企使用的技术一般都是商用的,比如Oracle,SQL server等,极少使用网上的开源框架。
一方面是因为商业软件系统稳定,有大公司做技术支持;另一方便开源软件稳定性有待加强,到了线上因为开源框架的bug导致的系统故障可以说是得不偿失,毕竟对于国企来说不差这些钱。
但是我们不同,我们毕竟是研究院,以研发为主,所以更多地使用开源技术。
PS:国企软件开发版本迭代比较慢,系统测试时间比较长,毕竟对于国企来说,不怕慢,就怕系统出现问题,系统出了问题比系统开发不出来更严重。
其实每个公司,每个行业都有一些自己的故事,也有自己的围墙和天花板。体制内确实稳定,而互联网大厂节奏快加班多,但是凡事都有两面,大厂薪资高呀,人际关系也简单,有利有弊,看你自己怎么选择吧!
有的时候,人需要多尝试多经历,蓦然回首,才猛然发现自己到底要什么!
欢迎大家在留言区吱一声,如果是你选国企还是大厂当码农?
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8).再见Python!我要学Go了!2500字深度分析!
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