Python界虚拟环境第三把神器，你不知道就out啦！

知行编程网 2022-06-04 06:00 知行编程网 | 隐藏边栏 | 抢沙发 | 28 0

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众所周知，Python 因为有着强大的第三方包扩展，所以开发应用非常的便捷，但是不同包的版本依赖问题是一个很头痛的问题，为此 Python 出现了各种环境管理工具，通过它们我们可以隔离出一个独立的 Python 环境，也就是不同项目采用不同的环境。

Python 界常见的虚拟环境管理工具有 virtualenv 和 pipenv ，二者各有千秋：

virtualenv 不能动态更新 requirements.txt，所以pipenv 诞生了;
pipenv 可以看成是 pip+virtualenv 两款工具的合体，它使用 Pipfile 替代原来 requirements.txt 记录依赖包信息；
pipenv 如何使用可以参考之前写的(再见 virtualenv！K神教你轻松管理多个Python环境)

01.神器poetry

poetry 的依赖处理效果更强大一些。poetry 在遇到依赖限定条件时，poetry 会尝试找出解决方案，找到可以满足所有相互依赖关系的要求，然后成功安装依赖包。

poetry 卸载包的时候，直接卸载孤立的子依赖，不需要像 pipenv 那样需要再执行 pipenv clean 。

02.如何安装

poetry 提供了一个自定义安装程序，该安装程序将通过供应其依赖项来安装与系统其余部分隔离。这是官方推荐的 poetry 安装方法。

curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python

如果不用代理, 执行 curl 指令某些地区可能会很慢。也可以用 pip 安装（不过 poetry 官方文档不建议这么做，因为有可能会造成依赖冲突)：

<span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">pip install poetry</span>

安装之后可以使用下面指令查看安装是否成功

<span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">study_poetry poetry --version<br  />poetry version 1.1.4 # 显示poetry安装的版本</span>

03.poetry 基本配置

1).在已有项目使用 poetry

如果你是在一个已有的项目里使用 poetry，你只需要执行 poetry init 命令来创建一个 pyproject.toml 文件：

poetry init

根据它的提示输入你的项目信息，不确定的内容就按下 Enter 使用默认值，后续也可以手动更新。指定依赖的环节可以跳过，手动安装会更高效一点。

2).创建一个新的 Python 项目

如果你想创建一个新的 Python 项目，使用 poetry new <项目名称> 命令可以创建一个项目模板：

3).更换国内镜像源

在 pyproject.toml 配置文件中添加国内镜像源地址配置,提高下载速度。

04.常见的操作示例

1).安装和卸载Python第三方包

安装第三方包语法和 pipenv 指令类似, 执行 poetry add 包名即可，安装 requests 的指令如下:

在开发环境下我们要安装 pytest 这样的库，这些在生产环境其实是用不上的，所以没必要记录到 pyproject.toml 中，那么我们在安装某个包的时候加个参数 —dev，表示只安装在开发环境，安装包记录是在[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]部分。

使用 remove 即可卸载指定的第三方包，例如执行 poetry remove django 卸载 django

2).查看项目环境所安装的第三方库

执行 poetry show —tree 就会列出你所安装的第三方包的名称、版本信息以及第三方包的简介，还能查看各个库之间的依赖关系。

3).运行 Python 脚本

切换到项目中 pyproject.toml 同级目录下，执行 peotry run python 脚本文件即可。

4).显示虚拟环境信息

执行 poetry env list --full-path 即可查看虚拟环境所在的绝对路径

执行 peotry env info 查看虚拟环境的详细信息

05.Pycharm 中使用 poetry

找到虚拟环境文件夹所在位置，并选中 bin 目录下的 Python 后，就可以用 Pycharm 引入虚拟环境了

poetry 提供了一套当前最为完善的 Python 依赖包管理解决方案。相对与当前的pip、pipenv具有很多显而易见的优势，如果喜欢尝鲜，可以尝试使用 poetry 替换 pip+virtualenv 或者 pipenv 进行依赖包管理和虚拟环境管理。

有兴趣的小伙伴，可以安装试一下哦！欢迎在留言区点评，吱一声哈！

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0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" style="display: inline-block;clear: both;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-style="padding: 18px 15px 20px 10px; color: rgb(86, 146, 214); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-image: url('https://www.zkxjob.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/wxsync-2022-06-a2a8a5e1e58f30392066a170034ee027.png'); background-size: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="padding: 18px 15px 20px 10px;background-size: 100% 100%;background-image: url('https://www.zkxjob.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/wxsync-2022-06-a2a8a5e1e58f30392066a170034ee027.png');color: rgb(86, 146, 214);letter-spacing: 1.5px;background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;"><section data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(230, 230, 230)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="margin-left: 2px;width: 20px;"></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15860613985508="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15860613985508="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15860613985508="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356070738="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356070738="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356070738="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15870356071023="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15870356071023="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15870356071023="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882384789136="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882384789136="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882384789136="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15882396318564="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15882396318564="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15882396318564="1" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15900529136199="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-original-color-15900529136199="rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-darkmode-bgimage-15900529136199="1" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;font-size: 15px;">点这里，获取新手福利</span></section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section>

02.如何安装

03.poetry 基本配置

2).创建一个新的 Python 项目

3).更换国内镜像源

04.常见的操作示例

1).安装和卸载Python第三方包

2).查看项目环境所安装的第三方库

3).运行 Python 脚本

4).显示虚拟环境信息

05.Pycharm 中使用 poetry

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Python界虚拟环境第三把神器，你不知道就out啦！

02.如何安装

03.poetry 基本配置

2).创建一个新的 Python 项目

3).更换国内镜像源

04.常见的操作示例

1).安装和卸载Python第三方包

2).查看项目环境所安装的第三方库

3).运行 Python 脚本

4).显示虚拟环境信息

05.Pycharm 中使用 poetry

分享本文海报

内容反馈

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