来自 | 知乎 作者 | autocyz
链接 | https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/52749286
编辑 | 深度学习这件小事
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How Does Batch Normalization Help Optimization?
链接:https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.11604
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没有证据表明BN的work,是因为减少了ICS(Interval Covariate Shift)。
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BN work的根本原因,是因为在网络的训练阶段,其能够让优化空间(optimization landscape)变的平滑。
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其他的normalization技术也能够像BN那样对于网络的训练起到作用。
一、BN和ICS的关系
2、BN层是否真的能够稳定输入分布?
在训练阶段,使用一下三种训练方法进行训练
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No BN
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标准的BN
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noisy BN (在标准的BN层后,加上均值不为0,方差不为1的noisy,并且在每个训练step都改变noisy的分布,降低了输入分布的稳定性,使得网络的ICS变大)
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训练一个(25-layer deep linear network, DLN),即去除网络中的所有非线性激活层,只保留线性层,这么做的目的是为了在统计ICS时,减少非线性激活层对数据分布的影响。
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最后发现,带BN层的DLN不像预想的那样减少了ICS,反而增大了ICS。
二、Why does BN work?
2.2 是否BN是最好或者唯一的方法来对优化空间进行平滑
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不使用BN
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使用标准BN
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使用L1 归一化方法
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使用L2归一化方法
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使用L 归一化方法
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