写在前面
Attentin机制的发家史
Attention机制的本质
Attention机制的理解
用encoder to decoder来做引子
现在抛开encoder-decoder
这个也就是attention函数的工作实质,如下图所示:
Attention函数工作机制
- Q与K进行相似度计算得到权值
- 对上部权值归一化
- 用归一化的权值与V加权求和
此时加权求和的结果就为注意力值。公式如下:
换一个角度理解Attention机制
优点:
-
一步到位的全局联系捕捉
上文说了一些,attention机制可以灵活的捕捉全局和局部的联系,而且是一步到位的。另一方面从attention函数就可以看出来,它先是进行序列的每一个元素与其他元素的对比,在这个过程中每一个元素间的距离都是一,因此它比时间序列RNNs的一步步递推得到长期依赖关系好的多,越长的序列RNNs捕捉长期依赖关系就越弱。 -
并行计算减少模型训练时间
Attention机制每一步计算不依赖于上一步的计算结果,因此可以和CNN一样并行处理。但是CNN也只是每次捕捉局部信息,通过层叠来获取全局的联系增强视野。 -
模型复杂度小,参数少
模型复杂度是与CNN和RNN同条件下相比较的。
缺点:
结语
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