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模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

转自 | 机器之心    参与 | Racoon X

这个仅 7M 大小的人脸检测模型几乎检测出了世界最大自拍照中的所有人像！

模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

项目简介

之前机器之心报道过一个跨平台人脸检测项目，在 CPU 上就能轻松跑出 1000FPS。这次介绍的项目也是一个轻量级人脸检测项目。不同的是，该项目在保持较小参数量的前提下，检测精度要高很多，并且只需要 OpenCV 和 PyTorch 就能运行。

DBFace 是一个轻量级的实时人脸检测方法，其有着更快的检测速度与更高的精度。下图展示了多种人脸检测方法在 WiderFace 数据集上的测试效果。可以看到不仅 DBFace 模型的大小最小，其在 Easy、medium、Hard 三个测试任务中均取得了最高的检测精度。

模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

项目地址：https://github.com/dlunion/DBFace

WiderFace 是一个关于人脸检测的基准跑分数据集，其中包含 32,203 张图片以及在各方面剧烈的 393,703 张人脸，数据集具有从简单到困难等不同难度的任务。下图是改数据集中一些样本的展示，可以看到，要想准确地检测出图中所有人脸还是很有挑战的。DBFace 在该数据集的不同任务上分别取得 0.925、0.920、0.847 的准确率，实属不易。

模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

有关 WiderFace 的详细介绍请读者移步其官网：
http://shuoyang1213.me/WIDERFACE/

效果展示

下图展示了不同人脸检测方法在 WiderFace 数据集上的 P-R 曲线。P-R 曲线可以较直观地展示二分类器的 Precision 和 Recall。当需要对不同算法进行比较时，若某个二分类器的 P-R 曲线被另一个二分类器的 P-R 曲线完全包住，即表明后者的性能优于前者。从图中可以看到，DBFace 包围的面积在三个任务中均相对较大。

模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

当阈值设置为 0.2 时，DBFace 对这张世界最大的自拍照检测效果如下图所示：

模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

可以看到，DBFace 的检测准确率非常高，图中很多人脸甚至放大后单凭肉眼也很难分辨，DBFace 却仍然能够检测出来，并且模型大小仅 7M，完全能够在边缘设备上实时运行。于是，机器之心也上手测试了一番。

项目实测

项目作者提供的代码示例中包含对静态图片的检测，同时也有一个调用电脑摄像头的 GUI。值得注意的是，该项目并不需要太多依赖项，只要有 PyTorch、Numpy 和 OpenCV 即可运行。由于以上依赖环境都是非常常用的扩展库，网上有大量相应安装教程，这里就略过其安装步骤。

在 main.py 中，image_demo() 与 camera_demo() 分别对应静态图片检测与调用摄像头进行检测。静态图片检测代码为：

<section style="box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.5em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(165, 218, 45);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">image_demo</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(255, 152, 35);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">()</span>:</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    dbface = DBFace()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    dbface.eval()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">if</span> HAS_CUDA:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        dbface.cuda()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    dbface.load(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">"model/dbface.pth"</span>)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    detect_image(dbface, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">"datas/selfie.jpg"</span>)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /></section>

以上代码将会读取训练后的模型，对图片 datas/selfie.jpg 进行检测，并将结果保存到 detect_result/selfie.draw.jpg。

让我们来看一下检测效果：

模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

从上图可以看到，即使在室内灯光颜色、明暗差别较大的环境下，DBFace 也检测出了图中几乎所有的人，甚至是中间那个一边画彩虹，一边指向闪耀灯球戴头盔的人也难逃其「魔掌」。当然，由于这里设置的检测阈值较低，存在一些误分类的现象。图中一些人的手和右上角的灯球就被误检测为了人脸。适当调高阈值即可消除此现象。

调用电脑摄像头检测的代码为：

<section style="box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0.5em;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);line-height: 18px;border-radius: 0px;background: rgb(40, 43, 46);display: block;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;overflow: auto;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">def</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(165, 218, 45);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">camera_demo</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(255, 152, 35);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">()</span>:</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    dbface = DBFace()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    dbface.eval()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">if</span> HAS_CUDA:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        dbface.cuda()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    dbface.load(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">"model/dbface.pth"</span>)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">0</span>)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">640</span>)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">480</span>)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    ok, frame = cap.read()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">while</span> ok:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        objs = detect(dbface, frame)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">for</span> obj <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">in</span> objs:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />            common.drawbbox(frame, obj)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        cv2.imshow(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">"demo DBFace"</span>, frame)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        key = cv2.waitKey(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>) & <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(174, 135, 250);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">0xFF</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">if</span> key == ord(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(238, 220, 112);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">'q'</span>):<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />            <span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">break</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  />        ok, frame = cap.read()<br style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"  /></section>

运行以上代码将会生成一个 640x480 的 GUI 界面，调用摄像头实时进行人脸检测。

感兴趣的小伙伴赶快将本项目 git clone 到本地测试一下吧！
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模型仅有7M：轻量级高精度人脸检测方法DBFace

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