来自 | 知乎 作者 | akkaze-郑安坤
链接 | https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/99193115
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图像本身可以被理解成一种二维平面上的分布。更广泛的说,就是二维多分量函数(考虑通道,通道就是分量),这些分布或者函数本身也可以被划分成不同的函数族,直观的说,前景是猫和前景是狗的图像可以被看成是两族函数,这种划分不是唯一的,是由task决定的。
cnn可以被理解为作用在其上的泛函,把这样函数空间映射到另一族函数空间,换句话说,cnn是场到场的变换,比如高度场到温度场,一般说来,泛函是指函数(也就是场)到函数的变换,或者函数到标量或者向量的变换。
注意,本文中的函数,场,分布的意思接近,场和标量或者变量的区别在于场有自变量空间,通常就是坐标平面。
cnn是一个泛函,从源函数空间映射到目标函数空间。而反过来,知道了这样一个映射,也能刻画源函数空间的性质,因为一般目标函数空间都相对简单(对于分割这种任务而言,目标函数空间就是定义在坐标平面上的多变量函数,每个坐标的值都是一个one-hot向量,向量值的变化发生在图像边缘处)。
场到向量的变换,可以直接从场到场的变换得到,只需要在每个分量上对函数进行全平面积分即可,类似的手段也是可以的,目的是去掉自变量。例如,在分割的基础上进行分类,只需要把global average pooling即可,它就是全平面上的积分,所以我们现在认为源函数空间和目标函数空间都是定义在一个坐标平面上的场。
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