论文写作葵花宝典

老板说：写论文是有套路的

老板说：introduction写好了，论文就成功了一半

老板说：你的motivation是什么，contribution又是啥？

小夕说：写论文的301天，每日三省吾身

所以说：Introduction的重要性不言而喻，作为论文的第一印象，很大程度上决定了审稿人阅读这篇paper时的心情。

话不多说，直接上！干！货！来看看introduction的写作套路叭。

1. 首先开篇表明文章研究的问题是什么，阐明这个问题的重要性。

2. 简述过去的工作，这里可以是比较宽泛的介绍，比如分了什么流派呀，主干方法是什么呀。（话锋一转）虽然过去的工作做的非常好，但是还存在哪些哪些问题，这些都非常的challenge。突出问题的难度。

3. 针对某某问题，我们是怎么做的，为什么要这么做，这么做的好处是什么，进一步阐明motivation。

4. 前面晓之以理，动之以情，现在可以把实验结果狠狠的砸向审稿人啦！清晰的写明论文取得的效果，分点阐述本篇文章的contribution。contribution一般两点到三点就ok，如果有某一点的贡献非常突出，有两点就非常充分啦~~

5. <end>终于梳理完了文中最重要的部分[]~(￣▽￣)~*

路人甲：小夕小夕，虽然我都清楚自己要写什么了（in mind），但是我的英语{{{(>_<)}}}

不慌不慌！学术英语写作跟中学英语作文还是差别很大的，刚开始写paper很容易写成夕小瑶风格，甚至可能插一个可爱的小姐姐进去╮(￣▽￣"")╭

不用担心！小夕把秘藏已久的论文写作葵花宝典献上～

Academic Phrasebank

(http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/)

对于写作新手来说就是一个神器，按类目收集了很多论文中的常用表达。

• X is fast becoming a key instrument in …
• X plays a vital role in the metabolism of …
• Xs have emerged as powerful platforms for …
• X is essential for a wide range of technologies.
• X can play an important role in addressing the issue of …
• Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known.

阐述过去的工作时候，可以这么写：

• Recent evidence suggests that …
• Extensive research has shown that …
• Studies of X show the importance of …
• It has previously been observed that …
• Several attempts have been made to …
• Previous research has established that …
• Previous research comparing X and Y has found …
• The existing body of research on X suggests that …
• There is a growing body of literature that recognises …
• Existing research recognises the critical role played by …

• Previous studies of X have not dealt with …
• Researchers have not treated X in much detail.
• Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …
• Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …
• Such approaches, however, have failed to address …
• Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.
• Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether …
• The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.
• Previously published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.

• The specific objective of this study was to …
• An objective of this study was to investigate …
• This thesis will examine the way in which the …
• This study set out to investigate the usefulness of …
• This dissertation seeks to explain the development of …
• This prospective study was designed to investigate the use of …
• This thesis intends to determine the extent to which … and whether …
• This dissertation aims to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding …
• Drawing upon two strands of research into X, this study attempts to …
• This study therefore set out to assess the effect of X …, and the effect of …
• There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain …
• One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were …

• Five works will be examined, all of which …
• This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.
• This study uses a qualitative case study approach to investigate …
• Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide …
• A holistic approach is utilised, integrating X, Y and Z material to establish …
• The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via …
• The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on …
• A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.

• This is the first study to …
• This study provides new insights into …
• This work will generate fresh insight into …
• The study offers some important insights into …
• Understanding the link between X and Y will help …
• The importance and originality of this study are that it explores …
• The findings should make an important contribution to the field of ….
• Characterisation of X is important for our increased understanding of …
• This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of …
• There are several important areas where this study makes an original contribution to …
• The experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations into how …

开头总述研究问题，可以这么引入：

• Research into X has a long history.
• For many years, this phenomenon was surprisingly neglected by …
• Only in the past ten years have studies of X directly addressed how …
• Prior to the work of Smith (1983), the role of X was largely unknown.
• Over the past decade, most research in X has emphasized the use of …
• In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on …
• Early examples of research into X include … (Smith, 1962; Jones, 1974).
• During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on …
• The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with …
• Over the past two decades, major advances in molecular biology have allowed …
• Historically, research investigating the factors associated with X has focused on …

 过去的研究是怎么做的，可以这么介绍：

• Most research on X has been carried out in …

• Most researchers investigating X have utilised …

• Using this approach, researchers have been able to …

• Several systematic reviews of X have been undertaken.

• The vast majority of studies on X have been quantitative.

• What we know about X is largely based on observational studies.

• There are a number of large cross-sectional studies which suggest …

• Much of the previous research on X has been exploratory in nature.

• Much of the X research has focused on identifying and evaluating the …

• What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how …

• Publications that concentrate on X more frequently adopt a historical or chronological approach …

过去的工作取得了哪些结果或者进展，可以这么写：

• Several lines of evidence suggest that …

• Previous research has established that …

• Data from several studies suggest that …

• It is now well established from a variety of studies that …

• A number of studies have postulated a convergence between …

• Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that …

• Many recent studies (e.g. Smith, 2001; Jones, 2005) have shown that …

• Traditionally, it has been argued that … (e.g. Smith, 1960; Jones, 1972).

• Several biographies of Brown have been published. Smith (2013) presents …

• In previous studies on X, different variables have been found to be related to …

• Together, these studies indicate that …

• Overall, these studies highlight the need for …

• Considering all of this evidence, it seems that …

• Collectively, these studies outline a critical role for…

• In all the studies reviewed here, X is recognised as …

• The evidence presented in this section suggests that …

• The studies presented thus far provide evidence that …

• Taken together, these studies support the notion that …

• Overall, there seems to be some evidence to indicate that …

• Together these studies provide important insights into the …

• All of the studies reviewed here support the hypothesis that …

• Two important themes emerge from the studies discussed so far:

• However, such studies remain narrow in focus dealing only with …

• The evidence reviewed here seems to suggest a pertinent role for …

• These studies clearly indicate that there is a relationship between …

• In view of all that has been mentioned so far, one may suppose that …

• There remain several aspects of X about which relatively little is known.

描述图表中的实验结果，可以这么说：

• What stands out in the table is …
• Closer inspection of the table shows …
• It is apparent from this table that very few …
• The most interesting aspect of this graph is …
• In Fig.10 there is a clear trend of decreasing …
• What is interesting about the data in this table is that …
• The differences between X and Y are highlighted in Table 4.
• From the chart, it can be seen that by far the greatest demand is for …
• This table is quite revealing in several ways. First, unlike the other tables …
• From the data in Figure 9, it is apparent that the length of time left between …
• Data from this table can be compared with the data in Table 4.6 which shows …
• As Table III shows, there is a significant difference (t = -2.15, p = 0.03) between the two groups.

• Further analysis showed that …
• Further statistical tests revealed …
• On average, Xs were shown to have …
• Strong evidence of X was found when …
• This result is significant at the p = 0.05 level.
• The results, as shown in Table 1, indicate that …
• A positive correlation was found between X and Y.
• There was a significant positive correlation between …
• The difference between the X and Y groups was significant.
• There was a significant difference in X, t(11) = 2.906, p<0.01
• There was a significant difference between the two conditions …
• Respondents who reported low levels of X also reported significantly lower levels of Y.

负向的实验结果，可以这么来：

• No increase in X was detected.

• No difference greater than X was observed.

• No significant differences were found between …

• None of these differences were statistically significant.

• No significant difference between the two groups was evident.

• X appeared to be unaffected by Y.

• Only trace amounts of X were detected in …

• There was no evidence that X has an influence on …

• A clear benefit of X in the prevention of Y could not be identified in this analysis.

• These results suggest that …
• Overall, these results indicate that …
• In summary, these results show that …
• In summary, for the informants in this study, …
• Together these results provide important insights into …
• Taken together, these results suggest that there is an association between …
• The results in this chapter indicate that … The next chapter, therefore, moves on to discuss the …

• This study set out to …

• This paper has argued that …

• This essay has discussed the reasons for …

• In this investigation, the aim was to assess …

• The aim of the present research was to examine …

• The purpose of the current study was to determine …

• The main goal of the current study was to determine …

• This project was undertaken to design … and evaluate …

• The present study was designed to determine the effect of …

• The second aim of this study was to investigate the effects of …

• This study has identified …

• This study has shown that …

• The research has also shown that …

• The second major finding was that …

• These experiments confirmed that …

• This study has found that generally …

• The investigation of X has shown that …

• The results of this investigation show that …

• The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that …

• The relevance of X is clearly supported by the current findings.

• One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that …

• The findings will be of interest to …
• This thesis has provided a deeper insight into …
• The study contributes to our understanding of …
• These results add to the rapidly expanding field of …
• This project is the first comprehensive investigation of …
• The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to …
• This paper contributes to recent historiographical debates concerning …
• This approach will prove useful in expanding our understanding of how …
• The findings from this study make several contributions to the current literature. First,…
• These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of X and provide a basis for …

• A limitation of this study is that …
• Being limited to X, this study lacks …
• The major limitation of this study is the …
• This study was limited by the absence of …
• X makes these findings less generalisable to …
• The scope of this study was limited in terms of …
• An issue that was not addressed in this study was whether…

• The question raised by this study is …
• The study should be repeated using …
• This would be a fruitful area for further work.
• Several questions still remain to be answered.
• More broadly, research is also needed to determine …
• A further study could assess the long-term effects of …
• The precise mechanism of X in insects remains to be elucidated.
• These findings provide the following insights for future research: …
• The issue of X is an intriguing one which could be usefully explored in further research.

哦啦，所谓授之以鱼不如授之以渔，小夕只能帮你到这里啦～fighting！！